What is the difference between GFCI and AFCI?

GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) and AFCI (Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter) are both critical electrical safety devices, but they protect against different hazards.

• GFCI protects against electric shock by detecting small imbalances (as low as 4–6 milliamps) between the hot and neutral wires, which can occur if electricity leaks through a person or wet surface. It trips within milliseconds to prevent injury or death. GFCIs are required in wet or damp locations like bathrooms, kitchens, garages, and outdoor outlets.

• AFCI protects against electrical fires by detecting dangerous arcing faults—unintended electrical sparks caused by damaged wires, loose connections, or faulty appliances. These arcs generate intense heat that can ignite surrounding materials. AFCIs are required in dry living areas such as bedrooms, living rooms, hallways, and dining rooms.

Key Difference:

• GFCI = Shock protection (saves lives).

• AFCI = Fire protection (prevents house fires).

They are not interchangeable and often used together. Many modern circuits use combination AFCI/GFCI breakers or outlets to provide both protections, especially in areas like kitchens and laundry rooms where both risks exist